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alternative country
Alternative country (sometimes alt-country),〔("The story of No Depression" ), ''No Depression'', retrieved 19 May 2010.〕 insurgent country,〔 or Americana〔 is a loosely defined subgenre of country music, which includes acts that differ significantly in style from mainstream or pop country music. It has been used to describe country music bands and artists that have incorporated influences ranging from roots rock, bluegrass, rockabilly, honky-tonk, alternative rock, folk rock, and sometimes punk.
Attempts to combine punk and country were pioneered by Jason and the Scorchers, and in the 1980s Southern Californian cowpunk scene with bands like the Long Ryders. These styles merged fully in Uncle Tupelo's 1990 LP ''No Depression'', which is widely credited as being the first "alt-country" album, and gave its name to the online notice board and eventually magazine that underpinned the movement. Members and figures associated with Uncle Tupelo formed three major bands in the genre: Wilco, Son Volt and Bottle Rockets. Other influential bands included Blue Mountain, Whiskeytown, and Blood Oranges, as well as the Drive-By Truckers until they began to move more in the direction of rock music in the 2000s.
==Definitions and characteristics==
In the 1990s the term ''alternative country'', paralleling alternative rock, began to be used to describe a diverse group of musicians and singers operating outside the traditions and industry of mainstream country music.〔 Many eschewed the increasingly polished production values and pop sensibilities of the Nashville-dominated industry for a more lo-fi sound, frequently infused with a strong punk and rock & roll aesthetic.〔K. Wolff and O. Duane, eds, ''Country Music: the Rough Guide'' (London: Rough Guides, 2000), ISBN 1-85828-534-8, p. 549.〕 Lyrics may be bleak or socially aware, but also more heartfelt and less-often follow the clichés sometimes used by mainstream country musicians. In other respects, the musical styles of artists that fall within this genre often have little in common, ranging from traditional American folk music and bluegrass, through rockabilly and honky-tonk, to music that is indistinguishable from mainstream rock or country.〔C. K. Wolfe and J. E. Akenson, ''Country Music Annual 2001'' (University Press of Kentucky, 2001), ISBN 0-8131-0990-6, pp. 78-80.〕 This already broad labeling has been further confused by alternative country artists disavowing the movement, mainstream artists declaring they are part of it, and retroactive claims that past or veteran musicians are alternative country. ''No Depression'', the best-known magazine dedicated to the genre, declared that it covered "alternative-country music (whatever that is)".〔A. A. Fox, "Alternative to what?": O Brother, September 11 and the politics of country music", in C. K. Wolfe and J. E. Akenson, ''Country Music Goes to War'' (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2005), ISBN 0-8131-2308-9, p. 164.〕
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